Rhipsalis pachyptera Pfeiff.


Images | Description | Publications | Reduced Synonyms

Bonn 5757, East of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil – material sampled, Phylogeny and evolution of the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae), Nadja Korotkova, Ph.D. Thesis, 2012

Original collection was attributed as R. aff. crispata and pictured in The New Cactus Lexicon Illustrations, D. Hunt, 2006 as R. crispata, determined to be R. pachyptera at a later date.


Bonn 5758 – material sampled, Phylogeny and evolution of the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae), Nadja Korotkova, Ph.D. Thesis, 2012


A 60, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, on the shore of Lake Peri


Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, Brazil


Seed grown from A 60, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, on the shore of Lake Peri


Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Poço da preguiça, Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Island of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil, ex. Lyon Botanical Garden



Camburi on the coast, border between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Utrecht University Botanic Gardens, ex. Gerardus Olsthoorn


Unknown clone


Unknown clone


Unknown clone


Unknown clone


Rhipsalis pachyptera, floral variation


Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, SEM of seed

Botanical illustrations and historical images


Description

The accepted name Rhipsalis pachyptera Pfeiff. was published in Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 132. 1837.

The geographic range is Brazil (Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro) found at elevations of 0-1500 meters with an endangered status of least concern.

Rhipsalis pachyptera is classified in the subgenus Phyllarthrorhipsalis.

Observed growing as an epiphyte or lithophyte. Overall habit is pendant or semi-erect, branches are dimorphic (more than one stem shape) and acrotonic (stems form from the tips of previous stems).

Stems are 2 to 5 angled, margins have low to deep crenations (slightly to deeply scalloped), bristles are absent. Basal stems are indeterminate (seasonal growth is various lengths), 8cm-40cm x 1cm-2.5cm. Main stems are determinate (seasonal growth is about the same length), 7cm-25cm x 3cm-15cm.

Flowers are rotate: sub-patent, patent or reflexed (wheel shaped: partial to wide open to reflexed), 1.5cm x 1.3cm-2.5cm. Petals from 6 to 9, sepals from 1 to 4. Inner petals are white, light-yellow or light-green, outer petals are white, yellow, green, pink or red. Stamen are white, from 60 to 120. Stigma lobes from 4 to 8. Flower ovary is obconical, 0.3cm-0.4cm x 0.3cm-0.5cm.

Flowering position on the stem is lateral and the flower orientation in relation to the stem is perpendicular. Does repeat flowering per areole. A maximum of 13 flowers were reported at a single areole. Areole position in the stems is superficial (flower ovary is visible on the surface of the stems during bud development). Trichomes or wool is absent at the areoles after flowering.

Unripe fruit is yellow, green, pink or red. Ripe fruit is globose, subglobose or obconical-globose; white or pink, 0.7cm x 0.6cm-0.7cm.

Other notable features:
Ripe fruit often with pink or red ring around the top. R. pachyptera does more often have green stems, however, there are specimen that produce betalains that color the stems reddish in higher light conditions. Stem color is not a good identifying characteristic for any species. It is highly inconsistent within the species populations. It is mentioned here because R. pachyptera specimen with reddish colored stems are often confused with R. elliptica.

R. pachyptera does commonly have very robust thick stems which are very woody and stiff at the joint in comparison to most other Rhipsalis with flat stems. The stems vary in size from the size of a thumb to well over the size of a hand. It is one of the hardest species to identify in my opinion, but it commonly exhibits a deep set areole with the flat gap between the crenations (also seen in some specimen of R. crispta, R. oblonga, R. cuneata, R. rhombea, R. russellii, and R. agudoensis), a short squat obconic flower ovary (also seen in R. agudoensis, R. cereoides, and R. triangularis), short obconical fruit that is typically white, and usually quite large predominantly white flowers (also seen in R. agudoensis and R. triangularis). The apex of the stems is often flat almost square (also seen in some specimen of R. crispta, R. russellii, R. agudoensis, and R. triangularis) unlike the typical tapering to a point toward the stem apex often seen in specimen of R. elliptica. As a result the most distinguishing characteristic is possibly the short obconic white or pink fruit.

I have seen pictures of Rhipsalis in the field with very large phylloclades and long cylindrical white fruit identified by botanists as Rhipsalis elliptica.

Alice Calvente treated Rhipsalis agudoensis as synonym of Rhipsalis pachyptera in her thesis.2.

In her thesis Nadja Korotkova writes, "A clade of R. pachyptera, R. russellii, R. cereoides and R. agudoensis is found with maximal support. All four are morphologically similar and R. agudoensis has even been misinterpreted as an unusual form of R. pachyptera prior to its description. All four species grow semi-erect and have 3-5 ribbed, sometimes also flattened stem segments (R. pachyptera, R. russellii), often produce several flowers per single areole and have fruits that change their colour from white to pink. They are also found growing predominantly as lithophytic, not epiphytic." 1

Comments:
Material Sampled, Calvente 250, RJ, Brazil (SPF), in Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti3
Material Sampled, Calvente 272, ES, Brazil (SPF), in Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti3
Material Sampled, Calvente 354, SP, Brazil (SPF), in Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti3
Material Sampled, Calvente 277, ES, Brazil (SPF), in Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti3
Material Sampled, Calvente 277, ES, Brazil (SPF), in Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti3

1Phylogeny and evolution of the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae), Nadja Korotkova, Ph.D. Thesis, 2012
2Molecular phylogeny, evolution and systematics of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae), Alice Calvente, Ph.D. Thesis, 2010
3Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti, Alice Calvente, Daniela C. Zappi, Félix Forest, Lúcia G. Lohmann, International Journal of Plant Sciences, 172:7, 2011

Taxonomic treatment and description were derived from:
  • The referenced publications below
    • published material was examined and consolidated
      • to determine minimum and maximum size ranges
      • to determine color variations and shapes
  • In rare cases
    • if minimum and maximum values were unreported, authors examined their own materials
    • if clearly observed colors were unreported, authors expanded the botanical descriptions

Rhipsalis pachyptera referenced publications

TitleAuthorsTypeJournalYearVolumeIssuePagesPublisher
Epifytische cactussen, rhipsalis.eu. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025Aat van UijenWebsite2025
IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed on: 18 Jan. 2025Website2025
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew | Plants of the World Online. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025Website2025
The Caryophyllales Network 2015+ [continuously updated]: A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025Website2025
WFO The World Flora Online. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025Website2025
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. accessed on 2025-01-07Website2024
Updated List of the Flora of the Serra Dos Órgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilMarcus Alberto Nadruz Coelho, Cecilia Faria CronembergerWebsite2024
Cactaceae in a priority area for conservation in Espírito Santo stateWeverson Cardoso, Alice Calvente, Valquíria Dutra, Cassia SakuraguiJournal ArticleRodriguésia202273
Rio de Janeiro - Cactaceae of the State of Rio de Janeiro (version 1, 8/2022), fieldguides.fieldmuseum.orgDiego Rafael Gonzaga, Maria de Fátima Freitas, Alice CalventeWebsite2022
Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the familyNadja Korotkova, David Aquino, Salvador Arias, Urs Eggli, Alan Franck, Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa, Pablo C. Guerrero, Héctor M. Hernández, Andreas Kohlbecker, Matias Köhler, Katja Luther, Lucas C. Majure, Andreas Müller, Detlev Metzing, Reto Nyffeler, Daniel Sánchez, Boris Schlumpberger, Walter G. BerendsohnJournal ArticleWilldenowia2021512251 – 270Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM)
Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden - a visit and a surprise!Hazel V. TaylorJournal ArticleCactusWorld2021394307-314
Cactaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025Daniela C. Zappi, Nigel P. TaylorWebsite2020
Cactaceae na Serra da Mantiqueira, BrasilDiego Rafael Gonzaga, Luiz Menini Neto, Ariane Luna PeixotoJournal ArticleRodriguésia202071
Flora do Rio de Janeiro: CactaceaeMaria de Fátima Freitas, Alice Calvente, Diego Rafael GonzagaJournal ArticleRodriguésia202071
Neotypification of Rhipsalis rhombea (Rhipsalideae, Cactaceae) and Its Taxonomic HistoryRalf Bauer, Nadja KorotkovaJournal ArticleHaseltonia20202795-101Cactus and Succulent Society of America
Relocation technique of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) in regenerating forests, in Itaboraí - RJ: survival and developmentAnnete Bonnet, Gustavo Ribas Curcio, Fernando Lima Aires Gonçalves, Alexander Silva de Resende, Eder Caglioni, Osmir José LavorantiJournal ArticlePesquisa Florestal Brasileira202040
Cactaceae no Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, Rio de Janeiro, BrasilLucas Vasconcelos, Diego Rafael Gonzaga, Ricardo ReisJournal ArticleRodriguésia201970
Rio de Janeiro - Vascular Epiphytes of the Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve (version 1, 11/2019), fieldguides.fieldmuseum.orgNadjara de Medeiros Corrêa, Mariana Moreira da Silva Murakami, Laura do Nascimento Martins, Ana Carolina Rodrigues da Cruz, André Felippe Nunes-FreitasWebsite2019
A Journey Over the Organ Mountains in BrazilAndreas HofackerJournal ArticleThe Cactus Explorer20182348-62
Rhipsalis agudoensis - a mystery solvedNigel P. Taylor, Andreas HofackerJournal ArticleBradleya2017201735248 – 251British Cactus and Succulent Society
Rhipsalis, cactussen uit het tropische woud 1Aat van UijenJournal ArticleSucculenta2017966270-275
Rhipsalis (Cactaceae): loss and gain of floral rewards is mirrored in range sizes and distribution patterns of speciesBernadette Grosse-Veldmann, Stefan Abrahamczyk, Jens Mutke, Wilhelm Barthlott, Maximilian WeigendJournal ArticleBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society2016180491-503
Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo & Espírito Santo -- Cactaceae of Serra da Mantiqueira (version 1, 11/2015), fieldguides.fieldmuseum.orgDiego Rafael Gonzaga, Ariane Luna Peixoto, Luiz Menini NetoWebsite2015
Cactaceae in the state of Paraná, BrasilAndré Soller, Patricia Soffiatti, Alice Calvente, Renato GoldenbergJournal ArticleRodriguésia201465201-219
A New Subgeneric Classification of Rhipsalis (Cactoideae, Cactaceae)Alice CalventeJournal ArticleSystematic Botany2012374983 – 988The American Society of Plant Taxonomists
Phylogeny and evolution of the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae)Nadja KorotkovaPh.D. Thesis2012Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Molecular phylogeny of tribe Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae) and taxonomic implications for Schlumbergera and HatioraAlice Calvente, Daniela C. Zappi, Félix Forest, Lúcia G. LohmannJournal ArticleMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution2011583456-468
Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic CactiAlice Calvente, Daniela C. Zappi, Félix Forest, Lúcia G. LohmannJournal ArticleInternational Journal of Plant Sciences20111727902-914
What does it take to resolve relationship and to identify species with molecular markers? An example from the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae)Nadja Korotkova, Borsch T, Dietmar Quandt, Nigel P. Taylor, Müller K, Wilhelm BarthlottJournal ArticleAmerican Journal of Botany2011981549-1572
Molecular phylogeny, evolution and systematics of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae)Alice CalventePh.D. Thesis2010Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo
Rhipsalis cuneata Britton & Rose, eine variable Art mit flachen Trieben von den Ostabhängen der Anden Boliviens, Perus and Ecuadors - mit Beschreibung der neuen Unterart R. cuneata ssp. australis Ralf Bauer ssp. nov.Ralf BauerJournal ArticleEPIG2008625-28
CactaceaeDaniela C. Zappi, Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme Aona, Nigel P. TaylorJournal ArticleFlora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo20075180-193
A Unique Cactus with Scented and Possibly Bat-Dispersed Fruits: Rhipsalis juengeriBoris Schlumpberger, Robin A. Clery, Wilhelm BarthlottJournal ArticlePlant Biology200682265-70
The New Cactus Lexicon: Atlas of illustrationsDavid Hunt, Nigel P. Taylor, Graham CharlesBook2006104-120DH Books
The New Cactus Lexicon: TextDavid Hunt, Nigel P. Taylor, Graham CharlesBook2006138-139,142-143,253-257DH Books
The pendent cacti of BrazilPierre J. Braun, Andreas HofackerJournal ArticleCacti and Succulent Journal2006786286-299Cactus and Succulent Society of America
Die Namen der Gattungen und Arten epiphytischer Kakteen. Teil 1. RhipsalideaeRalf BauerJournal ArticleEPIG19968247-51
Für zentralgeheizte Wohnungen geeignet: Rhipsalis pachypteraM. VoigtJournal ArticleEPIG199683100-101
Notes towards a Monograph of Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae)Wilhelm Barthlott, Nigel P. TaylorJournal ArticleBradleya19951343-79British Cactus and Succulent Society
The genus Rhipsalis Gärtner (Cactaceae) in the State of São Paulo-I: species with flatened jointsJulio Antonio LombardiJournal ArticleActa Botanica Brasilica199591
Rhipsalis paradoxaG. Wilhelm-MaaßJournal ArticleEPIG19891437-38
New names in Rhipsalidinae (Cactaceae)Wilhelm BarthlottJournal ArticleBradleya1987597-100
Rhipsalis en Epiphyllum - ook zij zijn het verzamelen waard!Dieter TäuberJournal ArticleSucculenta1987665116-118
Rhipsalis occidentalis Barthlott et Rauh. Eine neue Art mit blattartig abgeflachten Sprossen aus Ecuador und PeruWilhelm Barthlott, Werner RauhJournal ArticleKakteen und andere Sukkulenten198738116-19
Chromosome numbers in the tribe Rhipsalinae (Cactaceae)T. W. J. Gadella, E. Kliphuis, J. NaberJournal ArticleBotaniska notiser19793294
Iii. Unterfamilie Cereoideae K. Schum. 1898 Friedrich RitterJournal ArticleKakteen in Südamerika197920136-47
Cactus LexiconCurt Backeberg, Walther HaageBook1966205,220-222,440-449, 647, 750Blandford Press Ltd. (1966-1973)
Über Rhipsalis - II. Teil: Die Heimat (Schluß)Erich SchäferJournal ArticleKakteen und andere Sukkulenten1962137114-117
Archivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroJardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroBook19488146Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botanico
Iets Over Onze Rhipsalideae.G. D. DuursmaJournal ArticleSucculenta19432517
Notiser från Lunds Botaniska Trädgård.Hakon HjelmqvistJournal ArticleBotaniska notiser19414343-361
Het Leekenhoekje.J. M. van den HoutenJournal ArticleSucculenta19361818-10
Rodriguésia: Revista do Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroJardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroBook193542-4479-83Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
The Cactaceae : descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus familyNathaniel Lord Britton, Mary E. Eaton, N. J. Rose, Helen Adelaide WoodBook19234208-247Carnegie Institution of Washington
Cactus culture for amateurs: a concise and practical guide to the management of a little understood family of plantsWilliam WatsonBook1920London, "The Bazaar, exchange & mart" office, 1920
Beihefte zum botanischen Centralblatt. Erste Abteilung, Anatomie, Histologie, Morphologie und Physiologie der PflanzenBook192037221Verlag von G. Thiem
The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States and Canada for ornament, for fancy, for fruit and for vegetables; with keys to the natural families and genera, descriptions of the horticultural capabilities of the states and provinces and dependent islands, and sketches of eminent horticulturistsLiberty Hyde BaileyBook191952929-2930New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914]
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Hortus Mortolensis : enumeratio plantarum in Horto Mortolensi cultarum = Alphabetical catalogue of plants growing in the garden of the late Sir Thomas Hanbury ... at La Mortola, Ventimiglia, ItalyGiardino Botanico Hanbury, Alwin BergerBook1912272-273London, West, Newman, 1912
Handbuch der Kakteenkultur : kurze Beschreibung der meisten gegenwärtig im Handel befindlichen Kakteen, nebst Angabe zu deren Pflege für Gärtner und Kakteenliebhaber zusammengestelltErnst SchelleBook1907226-233Stuttgart, E. Ulmer, 1907
Blühende Kakteen (Iconographia Cactacearum): Im auftrage der Deutschen Kakteen-GesellschaftKarl Schumann, Toni GürkeBook19072390
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Reduced Synonyms

NameReduced byPublished DatePublished In
Hariota pachyptera (Pfeiff.) KuntzeBarthlott & Taylor (1995)1891Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891
Cactus alatus Willd.Barthlott & Taylor (1995)1814Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 35. 1814
Cactus alatus Hook.Korotkova (2021)1828Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2820. 1828
Cactus triqueter Vell.Barthlott & Taylor (1995)1829Fl. Flumin.: 206. 1829
Hariota triquetra (Vell.) KuntzeBarthlott & Taylor (1995)1891Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891
Cereus alatus Link & OttoBarthlott & Taylor (1995)1830Icon. Pl. Rar.: 77. 1830
Lepismium fluminense Miq.Britton & Rose (1923)1838Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 1938: 48. 1838
Rhipsalis robusta Lem.Barthlott & Taylor (1995)1860Rev. Hort. (Paris). Ser. IV, ix.: 502. 1860
Hariota robusta (Lem.) KuntzeBarthlott & Taylor (1995)1891Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891
Rhipsalis dusenii Hjelmq.Barthlott & Taylor (1995)1941Bot. Not. 1941: 349. 1941
Rhipsalis pachyptera f. rubra SüpplieKew WCVP (2019)2005Epi-Flora 1: 16. 2005
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